In fiber-optic sensing systems, the performance of an optical switch directly determines the system's measurement accuracy, stability, and long-term reliability. Key performance metrics—such as insertion loss, isolation, return loss, switching speed, crosstalk, and power consumption—are crucial for. Optical fibre sensors are an essential subset of optical fibre technology, designed specifically for sensing and measuring several physical parameters. These sensors offer unique advantages over traditional sensors, making them gradually more valuable in a wide range of applications. From energy. Jose Miguel Lopez-Higuera: Handbook of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology, John Wiley & Sons, 2002. P 603 Radiation absorption excites an orbital electron to a higher energy level.